Clinical characteristics and microbiological tests analysis of 18 patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract:Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and early diagnostic methods of patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection, so as to reduce the mortality of patients. Methods The clinical characteristics and microbiological analysis data including fungal culture, smear examination and mass spectrometry were collected from 18 patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Tuberculosis, and Department of Critical Respiratory Medicine in Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021, and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results　All the 18 patients were confirmed to be infected with Talaromyces marneffei by conventional culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The main infection sites of 18 patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection were lungs and lymph nodes, and the patients were accompanied by clinical manifestations such as cough, sputum and fever. The imaging features such as patchy shadows, mediastinal lymph node shadows and nodular shadows were common. Microbiological testing showed a statistically significant difference between smear and culture with a higher positive culture rate (χ2=13.74, P<0.05). The positive rate of blood culture in microbiological test was 60.0% (9/15), the positive rate of bronchial lavage fluid culture was 26.7% (4/15), the positive rate of sputum culture was 5.6% (1/18), one case each of pus, bone marrow, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid was positive for culture and the other cases were negative, one case of sputum and one case of pus were positive for smear and the rest were negative. Colony characteristics showed that the colony morphology was mycelial phase at 25 ℃, producing red pigment, and the branching pattern of the penicillus was seen microscopically as monoverticillate or biverticillate; At 35 ℃, the yeast phase appeared at the initial stage, and then the mycelium phase changed after 5-6 days; the yeast phase was observed at 37 ℃, and yeast-like cells were seen under the microscope. All 18 patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection got better after using antifungal drugs. Compared with non-HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection, leukopenia and anemia were common in HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 　Conclusions The infection of Talaromyces marneffei can be divided into localized type and disseminated type, which usually invade the lungs, skin, lymph nodes and other places. The main manifestations of patients are fever, cough, phlegm and other atypical symptoms. At present, the diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection is mostly based on the fungal culture test, and the application of MALDI-TOF MS method can effectively shorten the diagnosis time of Talaromycosis marneffei. Clinical characteristics combined with microbiological analysis provide an objective basis for early diagnosis of patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection, and timely use of antifungal therapy can improve the prognosis of patients.

Domestic and international research progress of edible and medicinal Arecae Semen / 中国中药杂志

Arecae Semen, as the first place among "Four South Medicines" in China, has great dual-use value of medicine and food. The research of Arecae Semen was mainly focused on the active ingredients and efficacy value, and its potential safety hazards were also concerned. Until now, there is still a lack of clear boundaries between medicine and food, resulting in its safety cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish clear boundaries of medicine and food use and health risk assessment. In this paper, the differences of pretreatment and application methods of Arecae Semen were analyzed, and the research progress of Arecae Semen in chemical composition identification and toxicology research and safety evaluation were reviewed emphatically. Finally, the differences of quality control and safety evaluation of Arecae Semen in pharmacopoeias or standards were analyzed at home and abroad. It was expected to provide reference value for quality control, safety evaluation and international standardization research of Arecae Semen.

Comparison of Relative Molecular Weight Distribution and Immune Activity of Polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma Before and After Processing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma （PR） before and after processing， as well as the effects of different polysaccharide fractions on immune function and inflammatory response of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Method:High-performance gel permeation chromatography （HPGPC） was used to determine the relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR （named SC） and polysaccharides in PR processed with wine （named JC）， and polysaccharide fractions with different relative molecular weights were obtained by dialysis. Different polysaccharide fractions were applied to mouse peritoneal macrophages， which was normal or induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method was used to select the optimal administration concentration. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> （IL-1<italic>β</italic>） in the cell supernatant. The Griess method was used to detect the concentration of nitric oxide （NO）. Result:SC and JC could be divided into four parts according to relative molecular weight and its distribution range， including part Ⅰ（14 800-2 273 kDa）， part Ⅱ（2 148-296 kDa）， part Ⅲ（12-1 kDa） and part Ⅳ（818-362 Da）. Based on the differences of part Ⅰ and part Ⅲ after processing， the SC and JC were divided into two-part according to the weight-average relative molecular weight （<italic>M</italic>_W）. For normal mouse peritoneal macrophages， JC could significantly promote the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while SC had no significant effect. Four polysaccharide fractions， named SD （SC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W>50 kDa）， JD （JC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W>50 kDa）， SX （SC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W<50 kDa） and JX （JC fraction with <italic>M</italic>_W<50 kDa）， also could<italic> </italic>significantly promote the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， but only JX could significantly promote the secretion of NO （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In addition， the effect of JX group stimulated secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> was better than the JD group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. For the LPS-induced macrophage model， JC and SC group could<italic> </italic>significantly inhibit the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the effect of JC was stronger. To compare different polysaccharide fractions， the impact of JX on inhibiting the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IL-1<italic>β</italic> was<italic> </italic>significantly stronger than JD （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and SX inhibited the secretion of TNF-<italic>α</italic> was significantly stronger than SD （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:The relative molecular weight and distribution of polysaccharides in PR before and after processing have changed. JC and SC improve the immune regulation mainly by inhibiting the inflammatory response， the fraction of <italic>M</italic>_W<50 kDa is the main effective part， and the effect of PR polysaccharides in inhibiting the inflammatory is enhanced after processing with wine.

Effect of Sishenwan， Baitouweng Tang， and Lianlitang on Ulcerative Colitis in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Sishenwan， Baitouweng Tang， and Lianlitang in the treatment of ulcerative colitis （UC）， and compare their efficacies on UC in rats. Method:Ninety SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into blank group （distilled water， 2 mL·d^-1） and experimental group. The rats in the experimental groups were administered with 2，4，6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid （TNBS） by clysis to induce the UC model. Subsequently， the model rats were divided into a model group （distilled water， 2 mL·d^-1）， positive group ［sulfasalazine （SASP）， 0.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1］， Sishenwan group （1.76 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， a Baitouweng Tang group （1.40 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and Lianlitang group （2.13 g·kg^-1·d^-1） according to the random number table. The rats in each group were dosed at 2 mL·d^-1 for 14 days. The pathological score for colonic mucosa was detected. Cytokines were detected by the cytokine chip. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the free triiodothyronine （FT₃）， glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）， and corticosterone （CORT） in plasma， and neurotensin （NT）， substance P （SP）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and somatostatin （SST） in colon tissues. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased colon mass-length ratio and pathological score for colonic mucosa （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， infiltration of massive lymphocytes， disordered or absent intestinal villi， elevated levels of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1/2<italic>α</italic>/<italic>β</italic>/3 （CINC-1/2<italic>α</italic>/<italic>β</italic>/3）， interleukin-1<italic>α</italic> （IL-1<italic>α</italic>）， interferon-inducible protein-10 （IP-10） and other factors in colon tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， dwindled CORT and GLP-1 levels in plasma （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and increased SP content in colon tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with the results in the model group， the mucosal injury in the colon of rats in each drug group was relieved. The levels of IL-1<italic>α</italic>， IP-10， lipopolysaccharide-inducible CXC chemokine （LIX）， and L-selectin of rats in the Lianlitang group and Sishenwan group were reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the CINC-3 and IL-17 levels were diminished in the Baitouweng Tang group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The levels of CINC-1/3， IL-1<italic>α</italic>， and IP-10 were reduced in the SASP group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The plasma FT₃ was up-regulated in the Lianlitang group， and the plasma GLP-1 levels were elevated in the three Chinese medicine groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The VIP content in colon tissues of the Sishenwan group and Baitouweng Tang group was down-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the SST content in colon tissues of the SASP group was significantly up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:The intervention of Lianlitang and Sishenwan on UC was significant， and the underlying mechanism of action might be related to inflammation inhibition and immune balance by regulating the cytokine network. The efficacy of Lianlitang was predominant， followed by Sishenwan and Baitouweng Tang.

Research progress of non-coding RNA in regulating the function of T cells in asthma / 生理学报

Bronchial asthma (i.e. asthma) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammatory response, hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling, in which T cells play a vital role, especially T helper cells (Th cells). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are the RNAs that do not encode proteins, mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are widely found in eukaryotic genomes and participate in the regulation of various biological processes. Previous studies have shown that ncRNAs play an important role in the activation and transformation of T cells and other biological processes in asthma. The specific molecular mechanism and clinical application are worth in-depth discussion. This article reviewed the research progress in regulation of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs on T cells in asthma in recent years.

Fever clinic in non-epidemic area during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: An analysis of countermeasures / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment data after the adjustment of various measures in the hospital fever clinic during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, so as to provide experience for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in non-epidemic areas. Methods We collected the diagnosis and treatment data from the fever clinic of Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University) in non-epidemic area from Dec. 21, 2019 to Feb. 22, 2020 and Jan. 1 to Mar. 5, 2019, and divided them into four groups: Group A (during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic), from Jan. 22 to Feb. 22, 2020; group B (before the COVID-19 epidemic), from Dec. 21, 2019 to Jan. 21, 2020; group C (in the same period as group A in 2019), from Feb. 2 to Mar. 5, 2019; and group D (in the same period as group B in 2019), from Jan. 1 to Feb. 1, 2019. Year-on-year and month-on-month comparisons of the above data were conducted. Results The overall situation of the fever clinic around the Spring Festival in 2020 was similar to that of the same period in 2019. The year-on-year comparison results showed that during the COVID-19 epidemic, the number of daily patients in the fever clinic was significantly decreased ([114.3±62.9] cases vs [171.7±37.0] cases), the single consultation time of each physician was prolonged ([11.7±1.8] min vs [6.5±1.3] min), but the average waiting time of patients was decreased ([7.5±0.6] min vs [22.8±1.5] min) (all P<0.05). The month-on-month comparison results indicated that the number of daily patients in the fever clinic was significantly decreased during the COVID-19 epidemic ([114.3±62.9] cases vs [216.3±41.8] cases), the single consultation time of each physician was prolonged [( 11.7±1.8] min vs[ 5.6±0.8] min), but the average waiting time of patients was decreased ([7.5±0.6] min vs [23.3±3.2] min) (all P<0.05). The proportion of computed tomography (CT) examination during the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic was significantly higher than that in the same period of 2019 (7.9%[ 292/3 658] vs 3.7% [206/5 493]). Although the examination time was prolonged due to strengthened protective measures ([12.5±3.8] min vs [10.0±3.2] min) (P<0.05), the time for patients to have the CT examination report was significantly shortened ([10.6±2.5] min vs [58.4±9.6] min) (P<0.01). Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, measures such as adjusting the relevant procedures of the fever clinic and equipping special CT machine in non-epidemic area can reduce the daily consultation time of physicians, improving the diagnosis and treatment efficiency and reducing cross infection.

Research on Textual Research and Methods of Chinese Herbs in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As the essential part of tratidional Chinese medicine(TCM), the research and development of classic formula have become a hot spot in TCM industry. However, with the change of the age, the species, medical part and origin of TCM have more or less changed. It is of great significance for the safety and effectiveness of the classical prescription to clarify the varieties and medicinal parts of TCM. In this paper, based on the discussion of the methods of textual research on the Chinese herbs, the species and medical parts, origin of Chinese herbs in a list of 100 famous classical formulas which promulgated by the state administration of TCM were analyzed. The textual research of Chinese herbs shows that most of the herbs involved in the classical formula have the problems of species, medical part, and origin. Therefore, it is of great significance for the selection of the species and medical parts, origin of the Chinese herbs in the research and development process of the classical formula.

Comparison of Total Daily Doses of 16 Active Components in Three Dosage Forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the total daily doses of 16 active components in big honeyed pills, concentrated pills and tablets of Fuzi Lizhongwan. Method:Three dosage forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan were prepared according to the process described in the literature. RRLC-QqQ-MS was employed to analyze the contents of 16 active ingredients with mobile phase of 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution-0.1%formic acid acetonitrile solution for gradient elution,the separation was performed on a Accucore RP-MS column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.6 μm) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and the column temperature at 30℃, the mass spectrometry condition was electrospray ion source, positive and negative ion switching mode for detection, multi-reaction monitoring mode(MRM) for scanning. The contents of 16 active ingredients were calculated, and the normalization arithmetic method was used for comparing the total daily doses of these active ingredients in three dosage forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan. Result:Processed products of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata were used as raw powder in preparation process of the three dosage forms, so there was no significant difference in the contents of six alkaloids in the three dosage forms, while the contents of other 10 active ingredients from Zingiberis Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle were significantly higher in big honeyed pills than those in concentrated pills or tablets(PConclusion:The total daily doses of 16 active ingredients in the three dosage forms of Fuzi Lizhongwan are significantly different caused by preparation process, prescription and dosage.

Metabolic and excretory process of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium in rats' urine and feces analyzed by RRLC-QqQ-MSn / 中国中药杂志

This present study was to investigate the metabolism and excretion of characteristic polyphenols such as flavonoids and coumarins in urine and feces of rats after intragastric administration of ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. The urine and feces of rats were collected after intragastric administration of 70% ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-QqQ-MSn) was applied to compare the contents of polyphenols in ethanol extract, urine and feces. By comparing with reference substance, 30 polyphenols were identified from the ethanol extracts of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, including flavone glycosides, flavones, flavonone glycosides, flavonones, flavonol glycosides, polymethoxyflavones, coumarins, and limonoids and so on. The detection of various types of compounds showed differences in contents between the intestinal metabolism and excretion in the feces after systemic circulatory metabolism and renal excretion. The results showed that the polymethoxyflavones and flavonones were primarily excreted through urine, and the flavonone glycosides and limonoids were primarily excreted through feces. However, coumarins were hardly detected in feces and urine, indicating that coumarins may be metabolized in the body.

Etiology and clinical features of epilepsia partialis continua: an analysis of six cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the etiology and clinical features of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) in children.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of six children with EPC, and the clinical and laboratory features and prognosis were compared between the children with different etiologies.@*RESULTS@#There were five girls and one boy, with an onset age ranging from one year and seven months to nine years. Two were diagnosed with Rasmussen encephalitis, one was diagnosed with focal cortical dysplasia, one was diagnosed with Alpers syndrome caused by POLG gene mutation, one was diagnosed with Angelman syndrome, and one was diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis. The latter two children had the predisposing factors for acute encephalopathy induced by status epilepticus and craniocerebral operation during the onset of EPC, while the other four children had natural progression of EPC. All the children had focal seizures except EPC, and symptoms included automatism, bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure, deflection, complex motor, and autonomic symptoms, with disturbance of consciousness in some children. EPC often lasted for several days or even several months. All children had abnormalities on head MRI, including local abnormal signal, cortex swelling, diffusive brain atrophy or brain atrophy at one side, local cortex thickening, and cortical necrosis. Head PET/CT scan was performed for three children and found local hypermetabolism or co-existence of hypermetabolism and hypometabolism. All the children had abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG), with cerebral, hemispheric, or diffusive distribution of abnormal electrical activities, and during the onset of EPC, some EEG changes were recognizable and some were difficult to identify. All the children with EPC were not sensitive to antiepileptic drugs. EPC was relatively self-limiting in the child with Angelman syndrome. The child with focal cortical dysplasia underwent resection of epileptic foci and had good postoperative control, without neurological dysfunction. The child with Rasmussen encephalitis underwent functional hemispherectomy and had no attack after surgery, with neurological dysfunction. The child with Alpers syndrome had the worst prognosis.@*CONCLUSIONS@#EPC is a special type of epileptic seizures. Immune inflammation and metabolic etiologies are the main causes of EPC in children, and the selection of treatment regimens, treatment outcome, and prognosis depend on etiology.

Research advances in the structure and function of osteopontin and its effect in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Osteopontin (OPN) is a widely distributed secretory protein and is involved in integrin-mediated cell signal transduction. It also plays an important role in the development, progression, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). OPN plays a pivotal role in biomineralization and innate immunity, participates in tumor growth and angiogenesis by interacting with integrin, and induces the recurrence and metastasis of HCC via multiple signal transduction. Combined measurement of OPN and other tumor biomarkers can improve the sensitivity of early diagnosis of HCC. OPN inhibitors may serve as a new target for the treatment of HCC and can improve the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs. This article summarizes the recent studies on OPN and introduces the biological function of OPN and its role in the progression and diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

Analysis of inter-species cross-contamination in 160 non-human cell lines / 基础医学与临床

Objective To analyze interspecies cross-contamination of 160 non-human cell lines.Methods One hundred and sixty common non-human cell lines were collected and their species were identified by PCR.For the suspicious cells,chromosome analysis was further used to confirm their species.Results Six in 160 non-human cell lines were cross-contaminated.A rat cell line was mixed by a human cell line,and 5 were totally cross-con-taminated,and were indentified as wrong species.Conclusions Species identification is an indispensable part of cell quality control.Each cell line should undergo a full QA(Quality Assurance)assessment before it is used for research.

Research progress on quality evaluation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(Danshen) / 中国中药杂志

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen) is one of the commonly used bulk medicinal materials in China. It is widely used in clinical practice, and has many pharmacological effects, such as antithrombotic，antibacterial，anti-inflammatory，anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory activities. The quality of Danshen determines the quality of the curative effect. The current wild resources of Danshen gradually decrease, the cultivation area is widely distributed, among them, Shandong, Sichuan, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces have large acreage for Danshen. However, germplasm, origin, cultivation, harvest, process and other factors have a certain impact on the active ingredients of Danshen, which lead to the quality of Danshen good and bad mixed. This paper is based on the systematic analysis of literature on quality evaluation of Danshen. To provide a new idea for the further research on the quality of Danshen, we summarized the main factors affecting the quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza that of germplasm, origin, cultivation, harvest, process, storage, product specifications and so on.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare type of chronic cholecystitis characterized by severe proliferative fibrosis with infihration of macrophages and foamy cells in the gallbladder wall.Since XGC and gallbladder carcinoma have similar clinical manifestations and radiological features,XGC is often misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma in clinical practice,which leads to unnecessary extensive surgical resection and has an adverse effect on patients.At present,the preoperative diagnosis of XGC is still based on imaging results (ultrasound,computed tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging),and a definite diagnosis of this disease relies on intraoperative frozen biopsy or postoperative pathological examination.Meanwhile,XGC should be differentiated from gallbladder adenomyomatosis,gallbladder carcinoma,and gallbladder actinomycosis.Laparotomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the major method for the treatment of XGC,but laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a longer time of operation,more complications,and a higher rate of conversion to laparotomy.Therefore,surgeons are facing difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative decision-making process of XGC.

Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: research advances and clinical prospects / 第二军医大学学报

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world.China is known as the country with the highest prevalence of liver cancer,and more than half of the cases of HCC worldwide occur in China.Recently,immunotherapy for HCC has drawn wide attention owing to its satisfying effects on specific solid malignancies.Both basic and clinical researches on immunotherapy for HCC have made some progress,which has laid a foundation for future clinical application of immunotherapy in HCC patients.The main immunological strategies for HCC include adoptive immunotherapy,indirect immunotherapy,and indirect non-immunological therapy.Despite the potential benefits for HCC,challenges and obstacles of immunotherapy remain,such as the self-tolerance immune mechanism of the liver and the lack of ideal target antigen.In a word,the application of immunotherapy for HCC in clinical practice is a tough task to accomplish and a long way to go.

Study on HPLC fingerprint and chemical constituent difference of different species of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus / 中国中药杂志

This study is to establish an HPLC fingerprint by HPLC-DAD method and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 17 components of 18 batches of Citrus aurantium and 10 batches of C. sinensis. The separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm) column with the gradient elution of methanol-0.1% formic acid water, the flow was 0.6 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wavelength was set at 318 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The data calculation was performed with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (Version 2004A) together with SIMCA-P 13.0 software to clarify the differential marker between these two different species of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. This method has good precision stability and repeatability that could provide basis for quality control and evaluation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.

Research on concentration of 5 different ginsenosides in Panax japonica collected from different cultivated geographic regions / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, an HPLC-QqQ-MS method for determination of 5 different ginsenosides of Panax japonica collected from different cultivated geographic regions was established. The separation was performed on a Zorbax XDB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile (contained 0.1% formic acid)-0.1% formic acid water. The flow rate was 0.5 mL•min⁻¹. The colunm temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The analytes were detected using electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Reaction selected ions were 203.2 for ginsenoside Re, 202.9 for ginsenoside Rg₁, 365.0 for ginsenoside Rf, 789.1 for ginsenoside Rd, 360.9 for ginsenoside Ro. Ginsenosides Re, ginsenosides Rg₁, ginsenosides Rf, ginsenosides Rd, ginsenosides Ro had good linearity in the ranges of 3.33-66.60 μg (r=0.999 1),2.83-56.54 μg (r=0.999 2), 0.32-6.51 μg (r=0.999 2), 12.55-251.00 μg (r=0.999 3), 0.85-16.90 μg (r=0.999 5), respectively. The results of recovery were among 100.8% to 104.6%, and the values of RSD were blow 3.0%. This method is simple, reliable and accurate, and can provide basis for P. japonica basic research.

Correlation Analysis between Prenatal Infection and Premature Rupture of Membranes / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the correlation between prenatal infection and premature rupture of membranes (PROM).Methods Eighty-three cases of PROM in People's Hospital of Chengmai County from July 2014 to July 2015 were selected as observation group,and 80 cases of normal pregnant women were randomly selected as control group.Prenatal genital tract infection,neonatal morbidity,maternal serum C reactive protein(CRP) and white blood cell count level,maternal amniotic fluid cell factor level were compared between two groups.Results The total incidence rate in the control group was 23.75％,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome,pneumonia and high serum bilirubin in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-o in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Prenatal reproductive tract infection and PROM are closely related.Infection is a factor causing PROM,which increases the rate of neonatal morbidity.Through prenatal test of blood CRP,amniotic fluid IL-6,IL-8,and detection of TNF-levels,the risk of PROM can be predicted in advance so that measures can be taken to avoid PROM and PROM-related maternal and fetal complications can be taken.

Application of Self-retaining Bidirectional Barbed Absorbable Suture in Retroperito- neoscopic Partial Nephrectomy

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and feasibility of self-retaining bidirectional barbed absorbable suture application in retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy.Materials and MethodsFrom Sep 2011 and Aug 2012, 76 cases of retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy were performed at our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: self-retaining barbed suture (SRBS) group (n = 36) and non-SRBS group (n = 40). There was no significant difference in age, sex, tumor size and location between the two groups. Clinical data and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll 76 cases of retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy were successfully performed, without conversion to open surgery or serious intraoperative complications. In the SRBS group, the suture time, warm ischemia time and operation blood loss were significantly shorter than that of non-SRBS group (p < 0.01), and operation time and hospital stay were shorter than that of non-SRBS group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe application of self-retaining bidirectional barbed absorbable suture in retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy could shorten suture time and warm ischemia time, with good safety and feasibility, worthy of being used in clinic.

Growth inhibition of combined pathway inhibitors on KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer cell line / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the selective PI3K inhibitor and MEK inhibitor on KRAS and PTEN co-mutated non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H157 and the relevant mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NCI-H157 was cultured routinely and treated with different concentrations of the two inhibitors. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT cell cycle assay. Based on the MTT results the cells were divided into four groups: the control group, PI3K inhibitor group (GDC-0941, 0.5 and 5.0 µmol/L), combination group I (0.5 µmol/L AZD6244 + 0.5 µmol/L GDC-0941) and combination group II (5.0 µmol/L AZD6244 + 5.0 µmol/L GDC-0941). Colony formation assay was performed to detect colony formation efficiency. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of protein related to apoptosis was tested with Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cell growth was inhibited by the two inhibitors. Combination groups led to stronger cell proliferation inhibition: combination group Ishowed synergistic effect of their actions and combination group II showed an additive effect; in both groups, there were decreased colony number [(77.2 ± 1.54)/well vs (61.50 ± 2.12)/well, P < 0.01] and [(51.00 ± 4.00)/ well vs (22.50 ± 3.53)/well, P < 0.01]; and enhanced apoptotic ratios [(18.30 ± 0.82)% vs (21.32 ± 0.56)%, P < 0.01] and [(27.14 ± 1.58)% vs (42.45 ± 4.42)%, P < 0.01]. In addition, compared to the PI3K inhibitor alone group, the NCI-H157 cells in the combination groups showed increased G0/G1 phase and decreased S phase (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that the combination groups demonstrated significantly decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, increased p21 and cleaved PARP and decreased bcl-2/bax ratio, compared to the PI3K inhibitor only group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined inhibition of PI3K (AZD6244) and MEK (GDC-0941) has synergistic effects on the proliferation of NCI-H157 cells, but such effects appear to be in a dose-dependent manner.</p>